The recent botched attempt to discharge explosive material in New York’s Times Square may leave city leaders across America questioning their own levels of preparedness during an emergency.

The Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP), located in Anniston, Ala., plays a leading role in preparing cities and local response forces to protect, prevent, deter, and respond to acts of terrorism or major accidents involving hazardous materials.

According to Captain William Brown, from the Minot Police Department, Minot, N.D., the Emergency Responder Hazardous Materials Technician (ERHM) course reinforced situational awareness, identified potential hazards, and emphasized the need to communicate with other disciplines.

“First responders, especially law enforcement, need to recognize the need for enhanced training regarding first response to hazardous materials,” added Brown. “Whether it is a chemical spill, train derailment, or a terrorist attack, police officers must recognize the threat is real and their role is vital to ensure any threats to the public are minimized, if not mitigated.” He went on to say, “I am now better prepared proactively by recognizing potential threats, identifying available resources, and realizing the need to work collectively with other first responders in addressing methods to impact those events should they occur.”

Released earlier this year, the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report stated that, among others, the threats and hazards that challenge U.S. interests include “high-consequence weapons of mass destruction.” The report further specifies improvised nuclear devices and high-consequence biological weapons would have the greatest potential effects if used against the United States.